Bone expansion systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A needle-mounted balloon system can include a cannula and a stylet. The cannula may include a handle and an outer sheath, and the outer sheath may be configured to retract and expose at least a portion of an expandable member. The stylet may include a stylet needle and a sharp distal tip portion. The stylet needle may be used to insert the system into a body structure, after which the stylet may be disengaged from the cannula. The expandable member may then be exposed and inflated to create a space in the body structure. Filler material may be injected through the cannula to the open space in an effort to stabilize an injured or otherwise destabilized portion of the body structure.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/542,687; filed on Aug. 16, 2019; and entitled BONE EXPANSION DEVICESAND METHODS; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

U.S. application Ser. No. 16/542,687 is a continuation-in-part of U.S.application Ser. No. 15/744,479; filed on Jan. 12, 2018; now U.S. Pat.No. 10,398,485; issued Sep. 3, 2019; and entitled BONE EXPANSION DEVICESAND METHODS; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

U.S. application Ser. No. 15/744,479 is a 371 application ofInternational Application No. PCT/US2016/027300; with internationalfiling date Apr. 13, 2016; entitled BONE EXPANSION DEVICES AND METHODS,which in turn claims priority to expired U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 62/192,847; filed on Jul. 15, 2015; and entitled BONE EXPANSIONDEVICES AND METHODS; the entire contents of all applications areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND Field

The invention relates generally to medical devices and methods of use.Embodiments of the invention include devices for performing proceduresinvolving creating space within a body structure for therapeuticpurposes. For example, this invention relates to orthopedic devices andmethods for creating space within bone, and for injecting a fillermaterial such as cement into the space to strengthen, repair, orotherwise enhance the bone structure.

Description of Art

Cementoplasty pertains to percutaneous procedures includingvertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, osteoplasty, and sacroplasty. In general,bone packing with cement aims to treat or prevent vertebral andextraspinal pathological fractures and relieve pain in patients withconditions such as osteoporosis and bone metastases.

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures for thetreatment of painful vertebral compression fractures, which arefractures involving the vertebral bodies that make up the spinal column.In vertebroplasty, physicians use image guidance to inject a cementmixture into the fractured bone through a hollow needle. In kyphoplasty,a balloon is first inserted into the fractured bone through the hollowneedle and then inflated to create a cavity or space. The cement isinjected into the cavity once the balloon is removed.

Percutaneous osteoplasty, the injection of bone cement into a bonelesion refractory to conventional therapy (e.g., radiotherapy,chemotherapy, and narcotic analgesia), is performed to provide immediatebone structure consolidation, to reduce the risk of a pathologicalfracture, to achieve pain regression, and to improve mobility.

SUMMARY

This document provides devices and methods for creating space within abody structure for therapeutic purposes. For example, this documentprovides orthopedic devices and methods for creating space within bone,and for injecting a filler material such as cement into the space tostrengthen, repair, or otherwise enhance the bone structure.

In one implementation, a needle-mounted balloon system includes acannula and a stylet that is engageable with the cannula. The cannulaincludes a cannula hub, a cannula tube portion extending distally fromthe cannula hub and defining a lumen therethrough, and an expandablemember coupled to the cannula tube portion. The expandable member isreconfigurable between a diametrically contracted configuration and adiametrically expanded configuration. The stylet includes a stylet huband a stylet needle extending distally from the stylet hub. The styletneedle is slidably disposable within the lumen of the cannula tubeportion. When the stylet is fully engaged with the cannula, a sharpdistal tip portion of the stylet needle extends distally beyond thecannula tube portion.

Such a needle-mounted balloon system may optionally include one or moreof the following features. The needle-mounted balloon system may alsoinclude an inflation tube coupled with the cannula and in fluidcommunication with the expandable member. The inflation tube may becoupled with the cannula hub. The cannula tube portion may define aninflation lumen that is in fluid communication with the expandablemember and the inflation tube. In some embodiments, the expandablemember is expandable only when the stylet is engaged with the cannula.In some embodiments, the expandable member is expandable when the styletis engaged with the cannula and when the stylet is disengaged from thecannula. The needle-mounted balloon system may also include a connectionmember coupled with the cannula hub and in fluid communication with thelumen. The expandable member is a balloon device in various embodiments.The balloon device may be diametrically symmetrical. The balloon devicemay be diametrically asymmetrical. The needle-mounted balloon system mayalso include a second expandable member coupled to the cannula tubeportion. In some embodiments, a distal-most portion of the cannula tubeportion has a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of theexpandable member while the expandable member is in the diametricallycontracted configuration.

In another implementation, a method for creating a space in a bodystructure and injecting a filler material into the space includes: (i)inserting a distal end portion of a needle-mounted balloon system intothe body structure, (ii) reconfiguring the expandable member of theneedle-mounted balloon system from the diametrically contractedconfiguration to the diametrically expanded configuration while theexpandable member is in the body structure, (iii) reconfiguring theexpandable member from the diametrically expanded configuration to thediametrically contracted configuration such that an open space iscreated in the body structure, and (iv) injecting a filler material intothe open space.

Such a method for creating a space in a body structure and injecting afiller material into the space may optionally include one or more of thefollowing features. The method may also include, prior to the injectionof the filler material, removing the stylet from engagement with thecannula. In some embodiments, the body structure is bone. In someembodiments, the filler material is bone cement.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this documentcan be implemented to realize one or more of the following advantages.In some embodiments, the devices and methods described herein provideenhanced ease-of-use in comparison to the devices and methods presentlyavailable for creating space within a body structure. For example, thedevices and methods described herein may require fewer steps and fewerphysical components. In addition to ease-of-use, the devices and methodsdescribed herein may reduce the amount of time required to perform aprocedure. Further, with fewer components and a reduction in proceduraltimes, a cost savings may be attained using the devices and methodsprovided herein. In use, the balloon device of the devices providedherein can be advantageously fully or partially inflated during theinjection of filler material. Hence, the balloon device can be used tohelp achieve a desired placement of the filler material in the bodycavity. In some embodiments, various conditions can be treated in aminimally invasive fashion using the devices and methods providedherein. Such minimally invasive techniques can reduce recovery times,patient discomfort, and treatment costs.

In some embodiments, a needle-mounted balloon system comprises a cannulaand a stylet that is engageable with the cannula. The cannula maycomprise a handle, a cannula hub coupled within a housing of the handle,a cannula tube portion extending distally from the cannula hub, thecannula tube portion defining a lumen therethrough, and an expandablemember coupled to the cannula tube portion, where the expandable memberis reconfigurable between a diametrically contracted configuration and adiametrically expanded configuration. The stylet may comprise a stylethub detachably coupled to the handle and a stylet needle extendingdistally from the stylet hub, where the stylet needle may be slideablydisposable within the lumen of the cannula tube portion. In someembodiments, when the stylet is fully engaged with the cannula, a sharpdistal tip portion of the stylet needle extends distally beyond thecannula tube portion. The expandable member may be expandable when thestylet is disengaged from the cannula.

The needle-mounted balloon system may also include an outer sheathslideably coupled to the cannula tube portion, wherein the expandablemember is located between the outer sheath and the cannula tube portion.In some embodiments, the system includes an inflation port and aninjection port both disposed on the cannula hub, where the inflationport is in fluid communication with the expandable member and theinjection port is in fluid communication with the lumen of the cannulatube portion. The outer sheath may be configured to retract and exposeat least a portion of the expandable member when the stylet isdisengaged from the cannula.

In some embodiments, a distal-most portion of the cannula tube portionhas a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of the expandablemember when the expandable member is in the diametrically contractedconfiguration. The distal-most portion of the cannula tube portion maydefine an outer diameter of about 0.134 inches.

In some embodiments, an internal portion of the stylet needle is hollow.Alternatively, the internal portion of the stylet needle may be solid.The distal tip portion of the stylet needle may extend beyond thedistal-most portion of the cannula tube portion a distance of about 0.24inches. In some embodiments, the needle-mounted balloon system defines alength of about 7 inches from the distal tip portion of the styletneedle to a proximal end of the handle.

The expandable member may be a balloon that is diametricallysymmetrical. Alternatively, the expandable member may be a balloon thatis diametrically asymmetrical. In some embodiments, the expandablemember is a balloon comprising dual layers, wherein each layer is a 90AEballoon and the dual layers are coupled together via heat bonding.

In some embodiments, a method for creating a space in a body structureand injecting a filler material into the space comprises inserting adistal end portion of a needle-mounted balloon system into the bodystructure, wherein the needle-mounted balloon system comprises a cannulacomprising a handle, a cannula hub coupled within a housing of thehandle, a cannula tube portion extending distally from the cannula hub,the cannula tube portion defining a lumen therethrough, and anexpandable member being reconfigurable between a diametricallycontracted configuration and a diametrically expanded configuration. Theneedle-mounted balloon system may further comprise a stylet that isengageable with the cannula, where the stylet may comprise a stylet hubdetachably coupled to the handle and a stylet needle extending distallyfrom the stylet hub, wherein the stylet needle is slideably disposablewithin the lumen of the cannula tube portion, wherein, when the styletis fully engaged with the cannula, a sharp distal tip portion of thestylet needle extends distally beyond the cannula tube portion, andwherein the expandable member is expandable when the stylet isdisengaged from the cannula.

The method may further comprise reconfiguring the expandable member fromthe diametrically contracted configuration to the diametrically expandedconfiguration while the expandable member is in the body structure. Inmany embodiments, the method further comprises reconfiguring theexpandable member from the diametrically expanded configuration to thediametrically contracted configuration such that an open space remainsin the body structure, and injecting the filler material into the openspace. The method may further comprise retracting an outer sheathcoupled to an external portion of the cannula in order to at leastpartially expose the expandable member. In some embodiments, prior toretracting the outer sheath, the method comprises retracting the styletneedle through the lumen of the cannula.

In many embodiments, the body structure is bone and the filler materialis bone cement. The stylet needle may be retracted by turning a knob onthe handle of the needle-mounted balloon system, where the knob iscoupled to a proximal end of the stylet. In some embodiments, turningthe knob comprises a quarter turn. The outer sheath may be retracted bymoving at least one tab of the handle in a proximal direction, whereinthe at least one tab is exposed upon turning the knob, and the at leastone tab is coupled to the outer sheath. In some embodiments,reconfiguring the expandable member from the diametrically contractedconfiguration to the diametrically expanded configuration occurs inresponse to injecting at least one of saline and contrast dye into aninflation port disposed on the cannula hub.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description herein. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages are described belowwith reference to the drawings, which are intended to illustrate, butnot to limit, the invention. In the drawings, like reference charactersdenote corresponding features consistently throughout similarembodiments.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an example needle-mounted balloon system forbone expansion in accordance with some embodiments provided herein. Theneedle-mounted balloon system is shown with its balloon in acontracted/deflated configuration.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of an example cannula of theneedle-mounted balloon system of FIG. 1. The cannula includes aninflation lumen and a lumen for a stylet.

FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the distal end portion of theneedle-mounted balloon system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the example needle-mounted balloon system forbone expansion of FIG. 1. The needle-mounted balloon system is shownwith its balloon in an expanded/inflated configuration.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the example needle-mounted balloon system forbone expansion of FIG. 1. The needle-mounted balloon system is shownwith its stylet removed.

FIG. 4 is a side view of another example needle-mounted balloon systemfor bone expansion in accordance with some embodiments provided herein.The needle-mounted balloon system is shown with its balloon in acontracted configuration.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the example needle-mounted balloon system forbone expansion of FIG. 5. The needle-mounted balloon system is shownwith its balloon in an expanded configuration.

FIG. 6 is a side view of another example needle-mounted balloon systemfor bone expansion in accordance with some embodiments provided herein.The needle-mounted balloon system is shown with its balloon in acontracted configuration.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a stylet that can be used with theneedle-mounted balloon system of FIG. 6

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for creating a space in a body andinjecting a filler material into the space, using the needle-mountedballoon systems for bone expansion provided herein, in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a needle-mounted balloon systeminserted into a body structure, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a needle-mounted balloonsystem, according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate perspective views of a dismantledneedle-mounted balloon system, according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate perspective views of a distal portion of aneedle-mounted balloon system, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of a handle of a needle-mountedballoon system, according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate perspective views of a balloon of aneedle-mounted balloon system, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective view of a distal portion of aneedle-mounted balloon system, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of a needle-mounted balloonsystem, according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 17A-17D illustrate a method of using a needle-mounted balloonsystem, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although certain embodiments and examples are disclosed below, inventivesubject matter extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments toother alternative embodiments and/or uses, and to modifications andequivalents thereof. Thus, the scope of the claims appended hereto isnot limited by any of the particular embodiments described below. Forexample, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts oroperations of the method or process may be performed in any suitablesequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosedsequence. Various operations may be described as multiple discreteoperations in turn, in a manner that may be helpful in understandingcertain embodiments; however, the order of description should not beconstrued to imply that these operations are order dependent.Additionally, the structures, systems, and/or devices described hereinmay be embodied as integrated components or as separate components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materialssimilar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practicethe invention, suitable methods and materials are described herein. Allpublications, patent applications, patents, and other referencesmentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Incase of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, willcontrol. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples areillustrative ony and not intended to be limiting.

For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects andadvantages of these embodiments are described. Not necessarily all suchaspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus,for example, various embodiments may be carried out in a manner thatachieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taughtherein without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages as mayalso be taught or suggested herein. The terms “expandable member” and“balloon” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

-   100—needle mounted balloon system-   110—cannula-   112—cannula hub-   114—cannula tube portion-   114 d—distal cannula tube portion-   114 m—mid-body cannula tube portion-   114 p—proximal cannula tube portion-   115—distal leading-end-   116—inflation tube-   117—connection-   118—connection member-   120—expandable member-   122—main lumen-   124—one or more inflation lumens-   126—handle-   128—handle housing-   130—outer sheath-   132—inflation port-   134—injection port-   136—a portion of the expandable member-   138—outer diameter (of distal-most portion)-   140—outer diameter (of expandable member)-   142—proximal end (of handle)-   144—balloon-   146—diametrically contracted configuration-   148—diametrically expanded configuration-   150—stylet-   152—stylet hub-   154—needle-   156—distal tip portion-   400—needle-mounted balloon system-   410—cannula-   414 d—distal cannula tube portion-   414 m—mid-body cannula tube portion-   414 p—proximal cannula tube portion-   416—inflation tube-   417—connection-   420—expandable member-   450—stylet-   452—stylet hub-   454—needle-   456—distal tip portion-   600—needle-mounted balloon system-   610—cannula-   614 d—distal cannula tube portion-   614 m—mid-body cannula tube portion-   614 p—proximal cannula tube portion-   616—inflation tube-   617—connection-   620—expandable member-   650—stylet-   652—stylet hub-   654—mid-body portion-   656—distal end portion-   657—sealing member(s)

This document provides devices and methods for creating space within abody structure for therapeutic purposes. For example, this documentprovides orthopedic devices and methods for creating space within bone,and for injecting a filler material such as cement into the space tostrengthen, repair, or otherwise enhance the bone structure.

Traditional systems for creating space within bone include a cannula anda separate balloon device that can be inserted via the cannula. First,the cannula is inserted so that its distal tip is located at a targetarea. Then the balloon device is introduced through a lumen of thecannula. After creating or enlarging a space by inflating the balloondevice, the balloon device is then removed. Subsequently, a fillermaterial, such as bone cement, is injected into the space via thecannula.

The devices and methods provided herein significantly improve upon thetraditional systems and methods for creating space within a body (suchas bone) by combining the cannula and balloon device into a singlecomponent. In addition, the devices and methods provided herein includean outer sheath slideably coupled to the cannula over the balloon, suchthat the balloon is protected beyond what was previously possible withexisting devices. Accordingly, as described further below, the devicesare easier and less time-consuming for a clinician to use. It should beunderstood that while the devices provided herein may be termed as“needle-mounted balloon systems,” the devices can also be considered“cannula-mounted balloon systems.”

Referring to FIG. 1, an example needle-mounted balloon system 100 forbone expansion includes a cannula 110 and a stylet 150. Stylet 150 isslidably received within a lumen of the cannula 110. When stylet 150 isfully engaged with cannula 110, a sharp distal tip portion 156 of stylet150 projects distally beyond a distal cannula tube portion 114 d ofcannula 110.

In the depicted embodiment, cannula 110 includes a cannula hub 112, aproximal cannula tube portion 114 p, a mid-body cannula tube portion 114m, an expandable member 120, distal cannula tube portion 114 d, aninflation tube 116, and a connection member 118 (refer to FIG. 3).Cannula hub 112 is disposed at or near a proximal end of cannula 110.Proximal cannula tube portion 114 p is coupled with cannula hub 112, andextends distally from cannula hub 112.

Referring also to FIG. 1A, proximal cannula tube portion 114 p defines amain lumen 122 in which stylet 150 is slidably received. Additionally,in some embodiments proximal cannula tube portion 114 p defines orincludes one or more inflation lumens 124 (e.g., in the wall of proximalcannula tube portion 114 p) through which an inflation media used forinflating expandable member 120 can flow. It should be understood thatany of many different multi-lumen cannula designs can be used forproximal cannula tube portion 114 p without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments suchan inflation lumen may be provided by a separate tube.

In some embodiments, inflation tube 116 is also coupled with cannula hub112. Alternatively, inflation tube 116 can bypass cannula hub 112 and bedirectly connected to proximal cannula tube portion 114 p, theaforementioned inflation lumen, or expandable member 120. In thedepicted embodiment, inflation tube 116 is in fluid communication withexpandable member 120 via cannula hub 112 and/or the aforementionedinflation lumen.

When a source of inflation fluid (e.g., saline, radiographic contrastmaterial, or a combination of both) is coupled with inflation tube 116(e.g., via a connection 117), expandable member 120 can be inflated ordeflated by pressurizing or depressurizing the source of inflationfluid. In some cases (without limitation), a syringe is used as thesource of the inflation fluid. In some embodiments, a stopcock valve orother type of fluid control device can be used in conjunction with, oras an alternative to, connection 117. In some embodiments, connection117 is a luer or luer-lock fitting.

Proximal cannula tube portion 114 p extends distally from cannula hub112. In some embodiments, proximal cannula tube portion 114 p ismetallic (e.g., stainless steel, nitinol, and the like). In someembodiments, proximal cannula tube portion 114 p is made of a suitablebiocompatible polymeric material. Proximal cannula tube portion 114 pmay be sized to any suitable length and diameter. For example, in someembodiments the outer diameter of proximal cannula tube portion 114 p(without limitation) is in a range from about 2.4 mm to about 4.0 mm, orabout 2.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, or about 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, or about1.0 mm to about 2.5 mm, or any other suitable size. In some embodiments,the length of proximal cannula tube portion 114 p (without limitation)is in a range from about 2.0 cm to about 4.0 cm, or about 3.0 cm toabout 5.0 cm, or about 4.0 cm to about 6.0 cm, or about 5.0 cm to about7.0 cm, or about 6.0 cm to about 8.0 cm, or about 7.0 cm to about 9.0cm, or about 8.0 cm to about 10.0 cm, about 10.0 cm to about 15.0 cm,about 15.0 cm to about 20.0 cm, or greater than 20 cm, or any othersuitable length.

Mid-body cannula tube portion 114 m extends distally from proximalcannula tube portion 114 p. In some embodiments, expandable member 120is mounted on or around mid-body cannula tube portion 114 m. Mid-bodycannula tube portion 114 m may have a smaller outer diameter thanproximal cannula tube portion 114 p, in some embodiments. In some suchembodiments, the combined outer diameter of expandable member 120 (inits contracted configuration as shown) on mid-body cannula tube portion114 m is about the same diameter as, or a little smaller than, the outerdiameter of proximal cannula tube portion 114 p. In some suchembodiments, the combined outer diameter of expandable member 120 (inits contracted configuration as shown) on mid-body cannula tube portion114 m is larger than the outer diameter of proximal cannula tube portion114 p.

In the depicted embodiment, distal cannula tube portion 114 d extendsdistally from mid-body cannula tube portion 114 m. Distal cannula tubeportion 114 d is optional. In some embodiments, no distal cannula tubeportion 114 d is included as part of needle-mounted balloon system 100.Instead, expandable member 120 and/or mid-body cannula tube portion 114m may be the distal-most portion of needle-mounted balloon system 100.In some embodiments, such as the depicted embodiment, that includedistal cannula tube portion 114 d, distal cannula tube portion 114 d mayhave a length in a range of about 1.0 mm to about 6.0 mm, or about 4.0mm to about 9.0 mm, or about 7.0 mm to about 12.0 mm, or about 10.0 mmto about 15.0 mm, or about 13.0 mm to about 18.0 mm, or about 16.0 mm toabout 21.0 mm, or about 19.0 mm to about 24.0 mm, or about 22.0 mm toabout 25.0 mm, or greater than 25.0 mm (e.g., about 3 cm, about 4 cm,about 5 cm, and the like). In some embodiments the outer diameter ofdistal cannula tube portion 114 d (without limitation) is in a rangefrom about 2.4 mm to about 4.0 mm, or about 2.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, orabout 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, or about 1.0 mm to about 2.5 mm, or anyother suitable size. While in some embodiments the outer diameter ofdistal cannula tube portion 114 d is the same as the outer diameter ofproximal cannula tube portion 114 p, in some embodiments the outerdiameters of distal cannula tube portion 114 d and proximal cannula tubeportion 114 p are dissimilar.

Referring also to FIG. 1B, in some embodiments (such as the depictedembodiment), the outer diameter of distal cannula tube portion 114 d islarger than the outer diameter of expandable member 120 (in itscontracted configuration as shown). In addition, in some embodiments theouter diameter of distal cannula tube portion 114 d is larger than theouter diameter of proximal cannula tube portion 114 p. Hence, with theouter diameter of the distal cannula tube portion 114 d being largerthan the outer diameter of the expandable member 120, the distal cannulatube portion 114 d can provide protection for the expandable member 120during insertion into the body. That is, distal cannula tube portion 114d can absorb the stresses associated with tunneling into the bodystructure (e.g., bone, cartilage, other tissues, etc.), so thatexpandable member 120 is not subjected to such stresses. Moreover, thedistal leading-end 115 of distal cannula tube portion 114 d can betapered or beveled as shown. Such a taper (along with the pointed tip ofstylet 150) can help facilitate the insertion of needle-mounted balloonsystem 100 with less force required and less trauma induced.

In some embodiments, one or more radiopaque markers are included on oneor more locations on proximal cannula tube portion 114 p, mid-bodycannula tube portion 114 m, and/or distal cannula tube portion 114 d.

Example needle-mounted balloon system 100 also includes expandablemember 120. In the depicted embodiment, expandable member 120 is aballoon device affixed to cannula 110. Expandable member 120 isreconfigurable between a contracted configuration and a diametricallyexpanded configuration by pressurizing expandable member 120 using aninflation fluid. In some embodiments, the length of expandable member120 (without limitation) is in a range from about 10.0 mm to about 12.0mm, or about 11.0 mm to about 13.0 mm, or about 12.0 mm to about 14.0mm, or about 13.0 mm to about 15.0 mm, or about 14.0 mm to about 16.0mm, or about 15.0 mm to about 17.0 mm, or about 16.0 mm to about 18.0mm, about 17.0 mm to about 19.0 mm, about 18.0 mm to about 20.0 mm,about 19.0 mm to about 22.0 mm, about 20.0 mm to about 24.0 mm, about22.0 mm to about 26.0 mm, about 24.0 mm to about 30.0 mm, or greaterthan 30 mm, or any other suitable length.

In some embodiments, expandable member 120 is made of a material andstructured to have a high burst pressure (e.g., about 20 atmospheres,about 30 atmospheres, about 40 atmospheres, or more). Expandable member120 can be made of materials such as, but not limited to, flexiblepolyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), Nylons, Pebax, polyurethane,polyurethanes blends, and the like, and combinations thereof. Expandablemember 120 can be made with a single layer, dual layers, or more thantwo layers of material.

In some embodiments, an optional protective sleeve or shell (not shown)is included that surrounds expandable member 120 (in its contractedconfiguration). The sleeve can serve to protect expandable member 120during insertion of cannula 110. Then, in some embodiments, inflation ofexpandable member 120 can fracture the sleeve so that expandable member120 can inflate to its expanded configuration. Alternatively, in someembodiments the clinician-user can retract the protective sleeve priorto inflation of expandable member 120.

In some embodiments, one or more radiopaque markers are included on oneor more locations on expandable member 120.

Example needle-mounted balloon system 100 also includes stylet 150.Stylet 150 includes a stylet hub 152 and a needle 154 that extendsdistally from stylet hub 152. In the depicted embodiment, stylet 150 isslidably disposed within cannula 110 such that hub 152 extendsproximally from cannula hub 112. Stylet hub 152 can be configured forconvenient manual gripping by a clinician.

A sharp distal tip portion 156 extends distally beyond the extremedistal end of cannula 110 when stylet 150 is fully engaged withincannula 110. The sharp distal tip portion 156 can be configured withvarious styles of tips such as, but not limited to, cone, bevel, dualgauge, and the like.

Stylet 150 serves to make the insertion of cannula 110 more safe andeffective. For example, stylet 150 includes sharp distal tip portion156, which is suitable for piercing tissues as needle-mounted balloonsystem 100 is being inserted. Additionally, stylet 150 provides orsupplements the column strength of needle-mounted balloon system 100 sothat cannula 110 can be inserted to a target area of the patient'sanatomy. In some embodiments, stylet 150 is malleable so that aclinician can form stylet 150 into a curved shape if so desired.

In some embodiments, stylet 150 is made of a metallic material such as,but not limited to, stainless steel, stainless steel alloys, nitinol,titanium, titanium alloys, and the like. In some embodiments, stylet 150is made of a polymeric material.

Referring also FIG. 2, expandable member 120 of example needle-mountedballoon system 100 can be configured in an expanded configuration asshown in FIG. 2. In the depicted embodiment, expandable member 120 canbe inflated to the diametrically symmetrical expanded configuration bypressurizing expandable member 120 using an inflation fluid as describedabove.

In some embodiments, the expanded outer diameter of expandable member120 (without limitation) is in a range of about 8 mm to about 10 mm,about 9 mm to about 11 mm, about 10 mm to about 12 mm, about 11 mm toabout 13 mm, about 12 mm to about 14 mm, about 13 mm to about 15 mm,about 14 mm to about 16 mm, about 15 mm to about 17 mm, about 16 mm toabout 18 mm, about 17 mm to about 19 mm, about 18 mm to about 20 mm,about 19 mm to about 21 mm, or greater than 21 mm.

In some embodiments, a radiopaque solution is used as the inflationmedia for expandable member 120. In some embodiments, another type offluid (e.g., saline) is used as the inflation media.

After inflating expandable member 120 to the expanded configuration, insome embodiments expandable member 120 can be deflated so thatexpandable member 120 returns to, or near to, the contractedconfiguration as shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to also FIG. 3, stylet 150 can be slidably removed fromengagement with cannula 110. When stylet 150 is removed from cannula 110(as shown in FIG. 3), connection member 118 is accessible. In someembodiments, connection member 118 is a luer or luer-lock fitting. Insome embodiments, connection member 118 includes a valve, septum, oranother type of fitting.

Connection member 118 is in fluid communication with the lumen ofcannula 110 (i.e., the lumen previously occupied by stylet 150).Accordingly, a filler material (e.g., bone cement, or another type offlow-able material) can be injected via cannula 110 by connecting afiller material source to connection member 118 and pressurizing thefiller material. In result, filler material will flow out from distalcannula tube portion 114 d. In some implementations, as describedfurther below in reference to FIG. 8, filler material that is injectedvia cannula 110 will fill a space that was previously created orenlarged by the expansion of expandable member 120.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, an example needle-mounted balloon system 400is configured like needle-mounted balloon system 100, except thatneedle-mounted balloon system 400 includes a diametrically asymmetricalexpandable member 420. Asymmetrical expandable member 420 is shown inits contracted configuration in FIG. 4 and in its expanded configurationin FIG. 5

It should be understood that the expandable members of theneedle-mounted balloon system provided herein can be selected to haveany desirable shape, size, configuration, material, and otherproperties.

In some embodiments, the needle-mounted balloon systems provided hereincan include two or more expandable members that may be eitherindependently or collectively inflatable. In some such embodiments, oneor more of the expandable members can be configured to provide a seal tocontain injected filler material within the space being filled. In onesuch example, a cannula of a needle-mounted balloon system includes twoballoons that are individually inflatable and deflatable. The twoballoons can be arranged generally adjacent to each other, with a firstballoon being a distal balloon and a second balloon being a proximalballoon (located proximally of the first balloon). After inserting theballoons into the target body structure, both balloons can be inflated.Then, the distal balloon can be deflated while the proximal balloonremains inflated. Then, the filler material can be injected to fill thespace previously occupied by the expanded distal balloon. While thefiller material is filling the space, the inflated proximal balloon actsas a seal or a dam to help ensure that the filler material is containedonly in the space previously occupied by the expanded distal balloon.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, an example needle-mounted balloon system 600can include a stylet 650 with a mid-body portion 654 that is configuredto provide a space for an inflation fluid to flow within the lumen ofcannula 610 from cannula hub 612 to expandable member 620. A distal endportion 656 of stylet 650 can be larger such that distal end portion 656slidably seals with the lumen of cannula 610. Accordingly, when a sourceof inflation fluid (e.g., saline) is coupled with inflation tube 616(e.g., via a connection 617), expandable member 620 can be inflated ordeflated by pressurizing or depressurizing the source of inflationfluid.

Mid-body portion 654 defines a one or more openings that allow passageof the inflation fluid between the lumen of cannula 610 and the interiorof expandable member 620. In this configuration, the expandable member620 is only expandable when the stylet 650 is engaged with the cannula610.

In some embodiments, one or more compliant sealing members 657 (e.g.,O-rings) are disposed between the inner diameter of the distal cannulatube portion 614 d and the outer diameter of the distal end portion 656of stylet 650. Such compliant sealing member(s) 657 can help ensure thatthe pressurized inflation fluid is directed solely into expandablemember 620 and can help maintain the pressure of the inflation fluid inexpandable member 620 while expandable member 620 is inflated.

The configuration of example needle-mounted balloon system 600eliminates the need for an inflation lumen between cannula hub 612 andexpandable member 620, thereby simplifying the overall design.Therefore, needle-mounted balloon system 600 may be particularly costeffective to manufacture and/or convenient to operate.

Referring to FIG. 8, a method 800 for creating a space and injecting afiller material (e.g., a cementoplasty method), using the needle-mountedballoon systems for bone expansion provided herein, is depicted in aflowchart.

At step 810, at least a distal end portion of a needle-mounted balloonsystem (e.g., as described above) is inserted to a target location. Insome embodiments, this step is performed using fluoroscopy or anothertype of imaging modality. Optionally, after completion of step 810, thestylet of the needle-mounted balloon system can be removed from thecannula of the needle-mounted balloon system.

At step 820, a balloon device of the needle-mounted balloon system isinflated to expand the diameter of the balloon device. For example, asource of inflation fluid can be connected to the needle-mounted balloonsystem and activated to pressurize the balloon device. In result, theexpanded balloon device may create a space at the target location asdesired. Optionally, after completion of step 820, the stylet of theneedle-mounted balloon system can be removed from the cannula of theneedle-mounted balloon system.

At step 830, the balloon device of the needle-mounted balloon system isdeflated to contract the diameter of the balloon device. For example,the source of inflation fluid can be activated to depressurize theballoon device. In result, when the balloon device has been deflated,the space previously occupied by the balloon device at the targetlocation may at least partially remain.

At step 840, the stylet of the needle-mounted balloon system is removedfrom the cannula of the needle-mounted balloon system (unless it waspreviously removed). The resulting configuration of the cannula isshown, for example, in FIG. 3. It should be understood that for exampleneedle-mounted balloon system 600, the stylet cannot be removed untilstep 840. However, for the other embodiments of needle-mounted balloonsystems, the stylet can optionally be removed any time after thecompletion of step 810 and prior to step 850.

At step 850, filler material (e.g., bone cement or other flow-ablematerial) is injected to the space via the cannula of the needle-mountedballoon system. For example, as described above in reference to FIG. 3,a source of filler material can be connected to a connection member ofthe cannula, and the filler material can be pressurized to make it flowout from a distal portion of the cannula and into the space. The spacemay be partially or substantially completely filled by the fillermaterial.

At step 860, the needle-mounted balloon system is retracted from thetarget location. In some embodiments, process 800 may be repeated inanother location that is near to, or adjacent to, the target location.When the needle-mounted balloon system has been retracted, the fillermaterial remains within the space at the target location. For example,in some implementations bone cement remains within the space created bythe expanded balloon device within the bone structure.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a perspective view of a needle-mounted balloonsystem 100 is shown in the body structure of a patient. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 9, the body structure is located in thepatient's spinal column. The system 100 is depicted with the cannula 110inserted, the outer sheath 130 retracted, and the expandable member 120inflated within a bone of the spinal column. Each of these elements willbe discussed in further detail throughout this disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a needle-mounted balloon system 100.The system 100 may include a cannula 110 and a stylet 150, which isshown in FIG. 11A. In some embodiments, the cannula 110 includes acannula hub 112 and a cannula tube portion 114 extending distally fromthe cannula hub 112. The cannula tube portion 114 may be hollow suchthat the cannula tube portion 114 defines a lumen 122 therethrough(lumen 122 is shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b ).

FIGS. 11A and 11B show the needle-mounted balloon system 100 with thestylet 150 removed from the cannula 110, according to some embodiments.As illustrated by FIG. 11A, the stylet 150 may include a stylet hub 152,a stylet needle 154, and a distal tip portion 156. The stylet needle 154may extend distally from the stylet hub 152. The distal tip portion 156may be configured with various styles of tips, including, but notlimited to, cone, bevel, dual gauge, and the like. In some embodiments,the stylet needle 154 is hollow. Alternatively, in some embodiments, thestylet needle 154 is solid.

The cannula 110 may include a handle 126, the cannula hub 112, an outersheath 130, and the cannula tube portion 114. Stated differently, thecannula hub 112 and the stylet hub 152 may both be part of a handle 126of the system 100. In some embodiments, the stylet hub 152 is a knobconfigured to rotate and separate from the rest of the handle 126. Thisaspect of the stylet hub 152 will be discussed further with reference toFIG. 17A. The handle 126 may be included in the system 100 forconvenient manual gripping by a practitioner during a procedure, as wellas to provide a surface for force exertion to advance the system 100through the body of a patient, which will also be discussed further withreference to FIG. 17A.

In some embodiments, the stylet 150 is detachably coupled with thecannula 110 such that the stylet 150 can be completely removed from thecannula 110. As shown in FIG. 10, when the stylet 150 is engaged withthe cannula 110, the stylet needle 154 thereby extends through the lumen122 within the cannula tube portion 114 such that the distal tip portion156 extends beyond the distal-most portion 114 d (see FIG. 15) of thecannula tube portion 114. This extension may serve to make the insertionof the system 100 more safe and effective. For example, the distal tipportion 156 may be sharp and suitable for piercing tissues as theneedle-mounted balloon system 100 is being inserted. Additionally, thestylet needle 154 may provide or supplement the column strength of thesystem 100 so that the cannula 110 can be inserted to a target area ofthe patient's anatomy. In some embodiments, the stylet 150 is malleableso that a practitioner can form the stylet 150 into a curved shape if sodesired.

Visible in FIG. 11B is a port coupled to the handle 126 of the system100. The port is revealed upon removal of the stylet 150, and will bediscussed below with reference to FIG. 13. Various components of thecannula 110 and stylet 150, including the stylet needle 154, outersheath 130, and cannula tube portion 114 may be composed of metalmaterials (e.g., stainless steel, nitinol, etc.). Alternatively, thesecomponents, and/or others, may be composed of other suitablebiocompatible materials.

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate close-up views of a distal portion of thecannula tube portion 114, according to some embodiments. The system 100may include an outer sheath 130 configured to retract (i.e. move awayfrom the distal-most portion of cannula tube portion 114 d), as shown inFIG. 12B, to expose an expandable member 120. In some embodiments, onlya portion 136 of the expandable member 120 is exposed upon retraction ofthe outer sheath 130. The outer sheath 130 may be slideably coupled tothe cannula tube portion 114 such that the outer sheath 130 is able toslide along the outer surface of the cannula tube portion 114 to revealthe expandable member 120. Such a configuration of the system 100 mayprovide greater protection to the expandable member 120, as it is heldbetween the cannula tube portion 114 and the outer sheath 130 until theouter sheath 130 is retracted. During a cementoplasty procedure, suchembodiments may thereby provide a lower risk of the expandable member120 snagging or tearing during the movement of the system 100 to thetreatment location. Exact timing of the retraction of the outer sheath130 and exposure of the expandable member 120 during a cementoplastyprocedure will be discussed further with reference to FIG. 17B.

The outer sheath 130 may define a variety of gauges (or diameters) Insome embodiments, the outer sheath 130 is a 10 UT hypotube, which meansthe outer sheath 130 has a 10 gauge ultra-thin wall, having an outerdiameter of about 0.134″ (+/−0.001″) and an inner diameter of about0.122″ (+/−0.002″). It should be appreciated that the disclosureincludes many embodiments defining different dimensions of the outersheath 130, such as 10RW (10 gauge regular wall, 0.134″ outer diameter.0.106″ inner diameter), 10TW (10 gauge thin wall, 0.134″ outer diameter,0,114″ inner diameter), 10XT (10 gauge extra thin, 0.134″ outerdiameter, 0.118″ inner diameter) and the like. In some embodiments, theouter sheath 130 defines any size hypodermic stainless steel tube soldby Teshima Technology, having an office located at 1 Broadway 14F inCambridge, Mass. Even still, in some embodiments, the outer sheath 130defines a custom size sheath, having any size outer diameter and innerdiameter. For example, the outer sheath 130 may comprise Ecamole havingan outer diameter of about 0.134″ and an inner diameter of about 0.124″.

As will be discussed with reference to FIG. 15, the outer diameter 138of a distal-most portion 114 d of the cannula tube portion 114 is alsoabout 0.134″. This common outer diameter may ensure a smooth transitionalong the cannula 110 from the distal-most portion 114 d of the cannulatube portion 114 to the outer sheath 130, and thereby reduce the chanceof the system 100 snagging on a body structure, as may happen withsubstantially different outer diameters between the two components. Theouter sheath 130 may comprise welded metal (e.g., stainless steel,nitinol, etc.) such that it appears seamless. Alternatively, any othersuitable biocompatible material may be used to make the outer sheath130. In some embodiments, the cannula tube portion 114 comprises anouter polymer jacket. The outer polymer jacket may be a Pellethane 75Djacket measuring 0.099″ by 0.111″. In some embodiments, the outerpolymer jacket is pre-ablated prior to bonding the expandable member 120to the cannula tube portion 114. Further discussion of the expandablemember 120 and its coupling to the cannula tube portion 114 will beincluded below.

Referring now to FIG. 13, a close-up illustration of the handle 126 ofthe system 100 is shown. In some embodiments, the handle 126 includes ahandle housing 128 and two ports at least partially located within thehandle housing 128. In some embodiments, the two ports comprise aninflation port 132 and an injection port 134. In some embodiments, theinflation port 132 is located at an angle to the cannula tube portion114 and is in fluid communication with the expandable member 120, whilethe injection port 134 is coupled to the cannula tube portion 114 suchthat the injection port 134 is in fluid communication with the lumen 122of the cannula tube portion 114. As will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 9C and 9D, in some embodiments the inflation port 132 is used toinflate the expandable member 120 and the injection port 134 is used toinject filler material through the cannula tube portion 114 into atreatment location within a body structure. In many embodiments, theinflation port 132 and injection port 134 are composed of abiocompatible polymer material. The ports 40, 42 may also include athreaded outer and/or inner surface to facilitate coupling of apressurizing device, such as a syringe, for use in inflation of theexpandable member 120 and/or injection of the filler material.

FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate a balloon 144 according to differentembodiments. It should be noted that, in many embodiments, theexpandable member 120 discussed throughout this disclosure is a balloon144, as such the terms balloon 144 and expandable member 120 may be usedinterchangeably throughout this disclosure. In the diametricallyexpanded configuration 148, a balloon 144 may be diametricallysymmetrical, as illustrated by FIG. 14B. Alternatively, a balloon 144 inthe diametrically expanded configuration 148 may be diametricallyasymmetrical, as illustrated by FIG. 14C. FIG. 14A shows the balloon 144in the diametrically contracted configuration 146. In many embodiments,the balloon 144 is in the diametrically contracted configuration 146prior to retraction of the outer sheath 130 and inflation of the balloon144.

In some embodiments, the balloon 144 is a dual-layer balloon. In suchembodiments, each layer of the balloon may comprise a 90AE balloon witha thickness of about 0.012″. In some embodiments, each balloon thatmakes up the dual-layer balloon 144 may have a different thickness. Theouter balloon may be a thinner balloon than the inner balloon.Alternatively, the outer balloon may be a thicker balloon than the innerballoon. The use of a dual-layer balloon, as opposed to the traditionalsingle-layer balloon, may provide greater strength and resiliency to theballoon 144 and prevent bursting of the balloon 144 during a procedure.The bursting of a balloon during a procedure such as cementoplasty canbe very detrimental and cause delays in the procedure time, particularlyif the balloon bursts before an adequate space is created in a bonestructure. A stronger balloon, such as the dual-layer balloon includedin this disclosure, may facilitate quicker and more effectivecementoplasty procedures with fewer issues and delays.

The balloon 144 may be comprised of materials such as, but not limitedto, flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), Nylons, Pebax,polyurethane, polyurethane blends, etc., and combinations thereof. Insome embodiments, the dual layers of the balloon 144 are coupledtogether via heat bonding. Prior to heat bonding, the inner balloonand/or both balloons may be adhered to the outer surface of the cannulatube portion 114. The balloon(s) may be adhered using Epoxy, or anyother suitable biocompatible adhesive. Adherence and bonding of thedual-layer balloon 144 may occur in various ways. In one embodiment, theinner balloon may be folded around the cannula tube portion 114, andthen the outer balloon may be loaded over the inner balloon to createthe dual-layer balloon. Alternatively, the outer balloon may be loadedover the inner balloon prior to folding around, and adherence to, thecannula tube portion 114. In some embodiments, the balloon 144 may bemade of more or fewer than two layers. It should be understood that theballoon 144 of the system 100 provided herein can be selected to haveany desirable shape, size, configuration, material, and/or otherproperties.

Referring now to FIG. 15, in some embodiments, the outer diameter 140 ofthe expandable member 120 is less than the outer diameter 138 of thedistal-most portion 114 d of the cannula tube portion 114. In manyembodiments, this difference is applicable when the expandable member120 is in the diametrically contracted configuration 146. When theexpandable member 120 is in the diametrically expanded configuration148, the outer diameter 140 of the expandable member 120 may be greaterthan the outer diameter 138 of the distal-most portion 114 d of thecannula tube portion 114. In some embodiments, the outer diameter 138 ofthe distal-most portion 114 d of the cannula tube portion 114 is about0.134″. The outer diameter 140 of the expandable member 120 may be about0.120″ in the diametrically contracted configuration 146. The cannulatube portion 114, with the exception of the distal-most portion 114 d,may measure about 0.070″ by 0.095″.

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of a needle-mounted balloonsystem 100 and illustrates that, in some embodiments, the total lengthof the system 100 from the distal tip portion 156 to a proximal end 142of the handle 126 is about 7″. In some embodiments, the total length ofthe system 100 is greater than 7″. Alternatively, the total length ofthe system 100 may be less than 7″. Upon removal of the stylet 150, thelength of the system 100 decreases by about 0.24″, as the distal tipportion 156 of the stylet needle 154 extends beyond the distal-mostportion 114 d of the cannula tube portion 114 a distance of about 0.24″.

FIGS. 17A-17D illustrate diagrammatic views of a cementoplasty procedureperformed with a needle-mounted balloon system 100, according to someembodiments. Beginning with FIG. 17A, at step 1700, at least the distalend of the needle-mounted balloon system 100 is inserted into a bodystructure. In some embodiments, this step is performed using fluoroscopyor another type of imaging modality. In many embodiments, the bodystructure is bone. In some embodiments, the body structure is a weakenedportion of the spinal column. The system 100 may be inserted into thebody structure with the help of a force exerted on the handle 126. Forexample, a practitioner may use a hammer to tap the knob on the handle126 and advance the system 100 through the body. The stylet needle 154may also play a key role in insertion of the system 100, as the styletneedle 154 is a focused point to carve a path through the body to thetarget body structure.

Following insertion of the distal end, a practitioner may turn a knob onthe handle 126 of the system 100. As was discussed previously in thisdisclosure, the knob may be the same component as the stylet hub 152. Asshown in step 1702, turning the knob may reveal two plastic tabsprotruding from opposite faces of the handle 126, as well as anadditional tab that is part of the knob. In many embodiments, turningthe knob comprises a quarter turn. In some embodiments, the tabs are notrevealed until the knob is turned in order to simplify the system 100and help practitioners proceed in the most effective order. For example,the outer sheath 130 may be configured to not be able to be retracteduntil the stylet needle 154 is disengaged from the cannula 110, so themechanisms to retract the outer sheath 130 (the tabs) do not need to berevealed until the stylet 150 is removed and/or in the process of beingremoved.

Referring now to FIG. 17B, step 1704 illustrates retraction of thestylet needle 154 through the lumen 122 of the cannula 110. Apractitioner may pull the knob (stylet hub 152) in a proximal directionin order to retract the stylet needle 154 through the lumen 122 of thecannula tube portion 114. In many embodiments, the stylet 150 mustcompletely disengage from the cannula 110 in order for the procedure tocontinue. Following retraction of the stylet 150, the system 100 mayresemble FIGS. 11A and 11B, where the stylet 150 is shown completelydisengaged from the cannula 110. Next, a practitioner may pull the twoprotruding tabs in a proximal direction, as shown in step 1706, in orderto retract the outer sheath 130 and at least partially expose theexpandable member 120. In some embodiments, turning the knob at step1702 may reveal more or fewer than two tabs coupled to the handle 126.In such an embodiment(s), the practitioner may pull the more or fewerthan two tabs in a proximal direction in order to retract the outersheath 130. It should be noted, the illustration for step 1706intentionally omits the body structure of the patient so that the figurecan clearly illustrate retracting the outer sheath 130.

FIG. 17C illustrates the steps of reconfiguring the expandable member120 from the diametrically contracted configuration 146 to thediametrically expanded configuration 148, at step 1708 (hereafterreferred to as “inflating the balloon 144”), and then reconfiguring theexpandable member 120 from the diametrically expanded configuration 148to the diametrically contracted configuration 146, at step 1710(hereafter referred to as “deflating the balloon 144”). In manyembodiments, the balloon 144 is inflated to create an open space withinthe body structure, and then deflated to make room for the fillermaterial. The balloon 144 may be inflated by injecting an inflationfluid through the inflation port 132 shown in detail in FIG. 13. In someembodiments, the inflation fluid is comprised of saline, contrast dye,or a combination. Alternatively, the inflation fluid may be any othersuitable biocompatible material or combination of suitable biocompatiblematerials. Contrast dye may be used as an aid in visualization of thebody structure and the system 100, particularly in procedures carriedout with image guidance. The balloon 144 may be inflated and deflated bypressurizing and depressurizing, respectively, the source of theinflation fluid.

FIG. 17D shows injection of filler material into the open space, at step1712. In many embodiments, the filler material is bone cement. Thefiller material may be injected via the injection port 134 shown indetail in FIG. 13. Similar to inflating the balloon 144, the fillermaterial may be injected by pressurizing the source of the fillermaterial to make it flow through the injection port 134. The open spacemay be partially or substantially completely filled by the fillermaterial. In some embodiments, the balloon 144 is only partiallydeflated prior to injecting the filler material. Alternatively, theballoon 144 may be fully deflated prior to injecting the fillermaterial.

The final step of the cementoplasty procedure, according to someembodiments, is to remove the needle-mounted balloon system 100 from thebody structure as shown by step 1714. There may be a time gap betweensteps 1712 and 1714 to allow the filler material to harden, check forany issues with the procedure, and/or check to see if additional fillermaterial needs to be injected. Any time gap and other and/or additionalsteps taken during the procedure may or may not occur at the discretionof the practitioner(s) performing the procedure.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details,these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of anyinvention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions offeatures that may be specific to particular embodiments of particularinventions. Certain features that are described in this specification inthe context of separate embodiments can also be implemented incombination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features thatare described in the context of a single embodiment can also beimplemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitablesubcombination. Moreover, although features may be described herein asacting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, oneor more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excisedfrom the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to asubcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modulesand components in the embodiments described herein should not beunderstood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and itshould be understood that the described program components and systemscan generally be integrated together in a single product or packagedinto multiple products.

In addition, certain method, event, state, or process blocks may beomitted in some implementations. The methods, steps, and processesdescribed herein are also not limited to any particular sequence, andthe blocks, steps, or states relating thereto can be performed in othersequences that are appropriate. Multiple steps may be combined in asingle block or state. The example tasks or events may be performed inserial, in parallel, or in some other manner. Steps or events may beadded to or removed from the disclosed example embodiments. The examplesystems and components described herein may be configured differentlythan described. For example, elements may be added to, removed from, orrearranged compared to the disclosed example embodiments.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Otherembodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example,the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different orderand still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processesdepicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require theparticular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirableresults. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallelprocessing may be advantageous.

Interpretation

None of the steps described herein is essential or indispensable. Any ofthe steps can be adjusted or modified. Other or additional steps can beused. Any portion of any of the steps, processes, structures, and/ordevices disclosed or illustrated in one embodiment, flowchart, orexample in this specification can be combined or used with or instead ofany other portion of any of the steps, processes, structures, and/ordevices disclosed or illustrated in a different embodiment, flowchart,or example. The embodiments and examples provided herein are notintended to be discrete and separate from each other.

The section headings and subheadings provided herein are nonlimiting.The section headings and subheadings do not represent or limit the fullscope of the embodiments described in the sections to which the headingsand subheadings pertain. For example, a section titled “Topic 1” mayinclude embodiments that do not pertain to Topic 1 and embodimentsdescribed in other sections may apply to and be combined withembodiments described within the “Topic 1” section. To increase theclarity of various features, other features are not labeled in eachfigure. For example, elements like the cannula hub, stylet hub, cannula,etc. may be present in multiple figures but only explicitly labeled inone or two figures.

Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,”“might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically statedotherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, isgenerally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, whileother embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/orsteps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended toimply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required forone or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarilyinclude logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting,whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to beperformed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,”“including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are usedinclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additionalelements, features, acts, operations and so forth. Also, the term “or”is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so thatwhen used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or”means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctivelanguage such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unlessspecifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the contextas used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X,Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended toimply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least oneof Y, and at least one of Z to each be present.

The term “and/or” means that “and” applies to some embodiments and “or”applies to some embodiments. Thus, A, B, and/or C can be replaced withA, B, and C written in one sentence and A, B, or C written in anothersentence. A, B, and/or C means that some embodiments can include A andB, some embodiments can include A and C, some embodiments can include Band C, some embodiments can only include A, some embodiments can includeonly B, some embodiments can include only C, and some embodiments caninclude A, B, and C. The term “and/or” is used to avoid unnecessaryredundancy.

The term “about” is used to mean approximately, and is not intended as alimiting term. For example, claim 6 states that the distal-most portionof the cannula tube portion defines an outer diameter of about 0.134inches. In this regard, “about” should be understood to mean the listedmeasurement +/−0.005. In statements listing a measurement to two decimalplaces, “about” should be understood to mean the listed measurement+/−0.05. In statements listing a measurement to no decimal places,“about” should be understood to mean the listed measurement to +/−0.5.

The terms “distal” and “proximal” are used frequently throughout thisdisclosure. The terms should be interpreted in the context of athrombectomy procedure, where the distal access catheter, distal accesscatheter extension, guide catheter, and/or any other appropriatedevices/systems are inserted near a patient's groin and navigated towardthe patient's brain, where the thrombus resides. In this context,“distal” should be interpreted as indicating the direction toward thethrombus, and “proximal” should be interpreted as away from thethrombus. Said another way, “distal” is toward a patient's head and“proximal” is toward a patient's groin. It may also be helpful tounderstand “distal” as away from the practitioner performing thethrombectomy, and “proximal” as toward the practitioner.

While certain example embodiments have been described, these embodimentshave been presented by way of example only, and are not intended tolimit the scope of the inventions disclosed herein. Thus, nothing in theforegoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature,characteristic, step, module, or block is necessary or indispensable.Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodiedin a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions,substitutions, and changes in the form of the methods and systemsdescribed herein may be made without departing from the spirit of theinventions disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A needle-mounted balloon system, comprising: acannula comprising: a handle; a cannula hub coupled within a housing ofthe handle; a cannula tube portion extending distally from the cannulahub, the cannula tube portion defining a lumen therethrough; and anexpandable member coupled to the cannula tube portion, the expandablemember being reconfigurable between a diametrically contractedconfiguration and a diametrically expanded configuration; and a styletthat is engageable with the cannula, the stylet comprising: a stylet hubdetachably coupled to the handle; and a stylet needle extending distallyfrom the stylet hub, wherein the stylet needle is slideably disposablewithin the lumen of the cannula tube portion, wherein, when the styletis fully engaged with the cannula, a sharp distal tip portion of thestylet needle extends distally beyond the cannula tube portion, andwherein the expandable member is expandable when the stylet is engagedwith the cannula.
 2. The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 1,comprising an outer sheath slideably coupled to the cannula tubeportion, wherein the expandable member is located between the outersheath and the cannula tube portion.
 3. The needle-mounted balloonsystem of claim 2, further comprising an inflation port disposed on thecannula hub and an injection port disposed on the cannula hub, whereinthe inflation port is in fluid communication with the expandable memberand the injection port is in fluid communication with the lumen of thecannula tube portion.
 4. The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 2,wherein the outer sheath is configured to retract and expose at least aportion of the expandable member when the stylet is disengaged from thecannula.
 5. The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 2, wherein adistal-most portion of the cannula tube portion has a larger outerdiameter than an outer diameter of the expandable member while theexpandable member is in the diametrically contracted configuration. 6.The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 2, wherein an internalportion of the stylet needle is hollow.
 7. The needle-mounted balloonsystem of claim 2, wherein an internal portion of the stylet needle issolid.
 8. The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 2, wherein thedistal tip portion of the stylet needle extends beyond the distal-mostportion of the cannula tube portion a distance of about 0.24 inches. 9.The needle-mounted balloon system of claim 2, wherein the system definesa length of about 7 inches from the distal tip portion of the styletneedle to a proximal end of the handle.
 10. The needle-mounted balloonsystem of claim 2, wherein the expandable member is a balloon that isdiametrically symmetrical.
 11. The needle-mounted balloon system ofclaim 2, wherein the expandable member is a balloon that isdiametrically asymmetrical.
 12. The needle-mounted balloon system ofclaim 2, wherein the expandable member is a balloon comprisingdual-layers, wherein each layer is a 90AE balloon and the dual layersare coupled together via heat bonding.
 13. A method for creating a spacein a body structure and injecting a filler material into the space, themethod comprising: inserting a distal end portion of a needle-mountedballoon system into the body structure, wherein the needle-mountedballoon system comprises; a cannula comprising: a handle; a cannula hubcoupled within a housing of the handle; a cannula tube portion extendingdistally from the cannula hub, the cannula tube portion defining a lumentherethrough; and an expandable member coupled to the cannula tubeportion, the expandable member being reconfigurable between adiametrically contracted configuration and a diametrically expandedconfiguration; and a stylet that is engageable with the cannula, thestylet comprising: a stylet hub detachably coupled to the handle; and astylet needle extending distally from the stylet hub, wherein the styletneedle is slideably disposable within the lumen of the cannula tubeportion, wherein, when the stylet is fully engaged with the cannula, asharp distal tip portion of the stylet needle extends distally beyondthe cannula tube portion, and wherein the expandable member isexpandable when the stylet is engaged with the cannula; reconfiguringthe expandable member from the diametrically contracted configuration tothe diametrically expanded configuration while the expandable member isin the body structure; reconfiguring the expandable member from thediametrically expanded configuration to the diametrically contractedconfiguration such that an open space remains in the body structure; andinjecting the filler material into the open space.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising retracting an outer sheath coupled to anexternal portion of the cannula in order to at least partially exposethe expandable member;
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprisingprior to retracting the outer sheath, retracting the stylet needlethrough the lumen of the cannula.
 16. The method of claim 15, whereinthe body structure is bone and the filler material is bone cement. 17.The method of claim 15, wherein the stylet needle is retracted byturning a knob on the handle of the needle-mounted balloon system,wherein the knob is coupled to a proximal end of the stylet.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, wherein turning the knob comprises a quarter turn.19. The method of claim 17, wherein the outer sheath is retracted bymoving at least one tab of the handle in a proximal direction, andwherein the at least one tab is exposed upon turning the knob, and theat least one tab is coupled to the outer sheath.
 20. The method of claim14, wherein reconfiguring the expandable member from the diametricallycontracted configuration to the diametrically expanded configurationoccurs in response to injecting at least one of saline and contrast dyeinto an inflation port disposed on the cannula hub.